2005 State of the Union Address Essay -- essays research papers

In the wake of viewing the 2005 State of the Union location. I feel that the President, Mr. George W. Hedge, has made it understood to the Speaker of the House, Vice President, Membe4rs of Congress, and the residents of the United States that he has an away from to improve the government assistance of the United States in present many days to come. The President set forth that he has now an arrangement for a spending that holds optional spending beneath expansion, makes charge alleviation lasting, and to slice the deficiency down the middle continuously 2009. The guideline to his spending plan is, â€Å" Taxpayer cash must be spent carefully, or not at all.† It was likewise expressed that training is a significant piece of this country and that the norms of the schools should be raised, â€Å"†¦so each secondary school recognition is a pass to success.† Later on he talks about keeping small kids and young people out of posses and risky savagery and empowers that more individuals be associated with a child’s life by expanding the quantity of projects to improve education and sports. He recounted the across the country exertion to do this that would be lead by the First Lady, Laura Bush. Likewise so the social insurance and expenses of medicinal services for lower pay families was brought to consideration. The President expressed that the expenses of human services ought to be made moderate to all families that need it. Expressing that it ought to be accessible to individuals of each budgetary status and that there be a network social insurance place for each poor network. Also, that data innovation ought to be improved with the goal that less mistakes are made just as unnecessary expenses. He accepts that there ought to be affiliation social insurance plans for entrepreneurs and their workers and numerous measures to diminish medicinal services costs. The President conversed with the Social Security framework and how in the event that it is unreformed that it will just prompt its own liquidation. He guaranteed those that are currently accepting or will get Social Security sooner rather than later that their Social Security would not be influenced at all. The President might want to forestall the crumbling of the Social Security framework. As per the realities gave by the President, starting at now there are a decreasing number of laborers paying an expanding measure of advantages to an expanding number of retirees. In the event that it keeps on resembling this in the year 2018 the framework would be paying out more than it takes in and in the year 2027... ...S. should be remained careful and they perceived the people who serve in the unformed administrations of the United States. The Democrats are stunned however that the President didn't and has not up to this point set forth an unmistakable arrangement to end our essence in Iraq. They accept that one the obligation of Iraqi security ought to be placed in the hands of the Iraqis, two that Iraq’s economy should be progressively evolved and ultimately that territorial discretion should be strengthened. They likewise reported that despite the fact that the President recognizes that there is a danger to national security that he has made no move to address it. Likewise they recount how the President has neglected to introduce an arrangement to shield America from fear based oppression. In outline the Democrats accept that the President has upheld up his words with activity and that they guarantee to address this issue as well as can be expected. Taking everything into account I concur with the President on numerous perspectives since I can't help thinking that he has plans to improve the U.S. generally advantageous. Be that as it may, I accept that despite the fact that there are clashes in the perspectives on the President and the Democrats that there will be a trade off that will bring about the improved prosperity of the United States.

Cold War era Presidents Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cold War period Presidents - Coursework Example Issues that we consider to be at the center of the United States majority rule analyze, similar to singular opportunity, were bested by the political real factors of the Cold War at whatever point the two clashed. Unfortunately, they clashed more than we may like. From one perspective, we can acknowledge the possibility that Soviet-style socialism was not a wellspring of or method of giving genuine opportunity. The Soviets were tyrant and controlling, and the midway arranged structure of the Soviet framework was frequently implemented with savagery, just as with brutal, politically roused disciplines. In this sense, the battle against socialism, regardless of whether it included subsidizing Afghani warriors opposing Soviet occupation, or battling the North Koreans, or restricting Cuba, would all be able to be viewed as exertion to advance opportunity abroad by diminishing and containing the spread of such a horrible and draconian type of socialism. Then again, Cold War Presidents wou ld in general settle on choices that were so dedicated to battling the spread of socialism that they regularly yielded the opportunity of numerous to do as such. This happened both locally and in international strategy. On the residential front, many center social liberties issues were left to hang, making an awkward vicinity between the message America was attempting to transmit abroad and the truth of opportunity and uniformity at home.

An exploration of the reason organisations adopt information systems strategy The WritePass Journal

An investigation of the explanation associations embrace data frameworks methodology Presentation An investigation of the explanation associations embrace data frameworks methodology INTRODUCTIONINFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGYREASONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY1. Operational excellence2. New items and services3. Client and provider Intimacy4. Serious Advantage4.1) Porter’s Competitive Forces Model1. Competition among existing firm2. New Entrants in market3. Substitute Products and Services4. Customer’s power5. Supplier’s Powers4.2) Porter’s Generic hypothesis 1. Cost Leadership2. Item Differentiation3. FocusMultiple Methodology FrameworksTop-downBottom-upInside-OutFlaws in Earl’s MethodologiesExternal Drivers that Influence IS Strategy1. Competition1.1)  YANSHA Leans on IS to Stay Competitive2. Deregulation2.1) 7-Eleven Japan Company3. Changing nature of Customer3.1) KROGER COMPANY3.2) BARNEYS NEW YORK4. Developing technologies4.1)  Sainsbury5. Change of Business Enterprise5.1)  World BankBibliographyRelated Presentation The data frameworks assume a basic job in overseeing market coordinations, particularly PC, retail location terminals, uniform item standardized tags, satellite following, electronic information exchange EDI, and electronic subsidizes move EFT, these advancements have abbreviated the request process duration, diminished administrative work, decreased the blunder rate in reports, and gave improved control of activities. They have empowered organizations to make a guarantee, for example, â€Å"the item will be at dock 25 at 10:00 am tomorrow,† and control that guarantee through data. Keeping considering above importance of data framework, the report has been intended to investigate and delineated the explanation of association receiving data framework technique and what is data framework system. Likewise utilizing various procedure systems that help with conceiving IS technique. Toward the finish of this report the six outer drivers are recorded regarding true guide to see how they impacted on IS systems. Data SYSTEM STRATEGY The meaning of IS procedure is detailing of approaches and arranging expected to convey data frameworks assets to help authoritative system. The meaning of improvement of data frameworks methodology is generally incorporates the territories of how data frameworks will be utilized to help an organization’s technique. Bolster implies formation of key of IS with association procedure. Effect infers a job for IS in creating open doors for an association to increase upper hand. A procedure which covers both these aspects is that of Dohertty et 999), who portray IS technique improvement as The IS procedure is a procedure of distinguishing an arrangement of PC based to be actualized, which is both profoundly lined up with corporate methodology and make a favorable position over contenders. A data frameworks procedure unites the business points and comprehension of the data expected to help those points, and the of PC frameworks to give that data. Regardless, of any definition the principle subject of data framework is to set up technique to offer best and auspicious assistance to their customers so as to expand the abundance of investors. The accentuation of data frameworks procedure is on conveying an arrangement of fitting programming devices and frameworks that help the future bearing of an association and accomplish advantage for the association (Strategic goals). Besides, the IS methodology likewise decides the nature of administrations conveyed end-clients. (BODDY, BOONSTRA, KENNEDY, 2002) REASONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY The reasons association intensely contribute to create its data framework is to accomplish six significant business destinations. These targets can be delineated as Operational greatness New items/administrations Plan of action Client and provider closeness Improved dynamic Upper hand What's more, endurance 1. Operational greatness A definitive target of each association is to amplify the abundance of investors. The data framework give effective intend to upgrade the creation and tasks capacity for the business. Likewise some time it needs to change the manner in which association leading its business and the executives disposition. There are numerous examples of overcoming adversity of the individuals who plan deliberately to execute data framework and bring essential outcomes because of this usage. For instance, Wal-Mart being as a biggest retailer picks up deals more than $348 billion in deals during 2007, which was 1/10 of all out retail deals in US. The Wal-Mart accomplished that trademark by connecting carefully its retail location framework with the providers, so when the client bought things, the standardized identification interface distinguished the providers about surge and request of certain item and providers auspicious recharge the stock. 2. New items and administrations The data framework empowers association about the pattern of new item or administrations. The interest can be assessed of contenders item and afterward it is coordinated with the market to survey there is any need of duplicate feline item. For example, the music business is not, at this point like it was in 2000. The overflowing interest allows the Apple Company to improve new items with various styles. 3. Client and provider Intimacy The clients closeness can be measured by their recurrence of repurchase, the frequently they come to purchase the merchandise or get the administrations the more they produce income for the association. The providers relationship can be assessed similarly, if there are not many providers and all are provided affirm request or tie them with contract, the more they will convey quality crude materials. Take the case of inns business, they are utilizing PCs to monitor visitors inclinations, for example, their favored room temperature, check in time, every now and again dialed phone numbers, and TV projects, and store these information in a goliath information vault, singular rooms in the lodgings are organized to a focal system server PC so they can be remotely observed or controlled. At the point when these visitors showed up to the inn, the framework naturally changes the room conditions, for example, darkening the lights, setting the room temperature, or choosing fitting music, in view of the customer’s computerized profile. Through, broad utilization of IT, lodging can do their client benefit examination and can enough decide those clients that are giving high income. 4. Upper hand At the point when association outflank its rivals as far as activity, new item advancement, benefits, and setting up plan of action, client closeness and to wrap things up in dynamic procedure, at that point they are well ahead from their rivals. Through setting up IS technique numerous association unmistakably Toyota effectively wipe out waste, embrace consistent improvement, and advancing client esteem. The IS help to fabricate viable gracefully and lean administration framework. Let talk about in detail that critical part of IS procedure, The models which will push us to how to decide and assess of upper hand as far as IS strategy’s are Porter’s Competitive Forces and Generic hypothesis. 4.1) Porter’s Competitive Forces Model The most generally utilized mode for understanding upper hand is Michael Porter’s Competitive powers model. This model gives a general perspective on the firm, its rivals, and the firm condition. These are Competition among existing firm New Entrants in showcase Substitute item in showcase Supplier’s Power Buyer’s Power 1. Contention among existing firm All organizations share showcase space with different contenders who are constantly contriving new, increasingly proficient approaches to create by presenting new items and administrations, and endeavoring to draw in clients by building up their brands and forcing turning costs on their clients. 2. New Entrants in showcase The fresh debut in advertise regularly gets launch its business utilizing a few of IT and IS help. In develop advertise, when there is now savage rivalry going on the apparatus that new participants can use to get itself acquaint with the clients are picking up economy of scale by spreading its fixed expense to the quantity of units or/and receiving expectation to learn and adapt. The best in class planned IS can screen the development of expectation to learn and adapt that will help the executives in their dynamic procedure. 3. Substitute Products and Services In a serious market, there are a few substitutes item each tending to various clients advertise need. New innovations make new substitutes constantly. To make the item increasingly unmistakable and attractable association need frequently to change its highlights and bundling to stay up with the latest. 4. Customer’s power The theory’s with respect to clients maintenance has been getting upgraded step by step. The new hypothesis identified with clients are client relationship the board, which accentuation on keep the current clients instead of conveying assets to draw in the upgraded one. In that sense, the intensity of the client develops on the off chance that they can without much of a stretch change to a competitor’s items and administrations, or on the off chance that they can constrain a business and its rivals to contend on cost alone in a straightforward commercial center where there is little item separation, and all costs are known in a flash through web. 5. Supplier’s Powers The supplier’s power has gigantic effect on association gainfulness. In the event that there are barely any providers working in the market the intensity of providers may be high and they would be in the situation to persuade the association with their terms and condition. Be that as it may, if there are numerous or broadened providers in the market, the more noteworthy control association would need to practice over providers as far as cost, qualit

Environmental Scan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ecological Scan - Assignment Example The program is exclusively liable for wellbeing administrations and preparing openings, alongside significant instructive projects. Regina Food Bank has been continuing its tasks from past numerous years. Anyway outside powers will in general influence activities of this altruistic association. There are four significant powers in outside condition according to PEST model, for example, political, monetary, social and innovative powers. This task has been consolidated in Regina situated in Canada. Political force is agreeable to Regina Food Bank. Its principle point is to annihilate any type of craving issues from the nation. The legislature had as of late declared a single amount add up to be given to Regina Food Bank. This sort of speculation would be done as far as limit working in network and deliberate area. Political conditions on occasion are not steady because of incessant races and this thus ends up being a danger for altruistic associations. Monetary factors predominantly contain impact of downturn on beneficent association. This envelops different marvels like lower salary of contributor, expanded assistance request and firm rivalry in setting of declining assets of government. Employer stability is an imperative issue for givers and this influences activities of beneficent associations. At the point when discretionary cashflow is low then it contrarily influences gift propensities for people. Decrease in loan costs is useful for organizations and mortgage holders however it has antagonistically influenced causes. Market instability decreased in general salary from ventures and saves for some organizations. The causes as a rule are subject to speculation factor. This sort of reliance will be persuasive since bigger portfolio divide is held in shares. Market instability likewise assumes a significant job for good cause in setting of annuity reserves. Benefits reserves are typically limited inside values and henceforth de clination in stock worth makes huge deficiencies. Budgetary flimsiness and low intrigue

Research Paper on Your Website

Research Paper on Your WebsiteYou might want to find out how to get a higher number of readers for your research paper on your website. The number of readers who take the time to go to your website to read about your research paper can help you earn more money, as well as raise your standing in the career ladder. By making your research paper more readable and interesting to the reader, it will be easier for them to finish reading it and give their constructive criticisms.First, you need to write an outline of your paper. Then, you should narrow down your ideas in each paragraph of the outline. Your writing should be clear enough that your readers can follow the exact topic of your research paper and understand everything that you are trying to say.Writing an outline is not just to simplify your writing. In fact, in this stage, you are not only introducing the theme of your paper but also explaining what all the points mean and how they fit together. This way, readers can understand and learn easily from your writing, making it easier for them to critique your paper.Researching on your website can be easy if you do it carefully. All you need to do is to create a search box at the top left corner of your website where people can type in keywords and phrases related to your research paper. You can then show them your research paper, or use the search option to bring up a list of your work. You can even make this search box customizable so that you can integrate it with your business' logo or name.Other things that you need to keep in mind when writing a research paper on your website are the subject matter, and the style. The subjects of your research paper can vary and should always be based on your personal interests, and not on the generic topics that are common in many writing assignments. Use subject matter that is relevant to your subject, and which relates to your field.In order to write a research paper on your website, you need to create a website that's different from any other websites that are available. For example, many research papers will have a general format, with lots of words that you don't really know much about, and lots of uninteresting information that you would rather avoid sharing. You need to create an innovative website that has only the best and most relevant information. No one can help but find interesting things in your research paper, if you have a unique website to share with them.Your research paper on your website should be unique and interesting, and it should not be a generic or cookie-cutter paper. You should be able to write a great research paper without using cookie cutter concepts that the readers are familiar with. There should be no repeating information on your research paper; instead, be unique enough to make it stand out from others, and to make it a great read.Remember that you don't just want to attract readers to your research paper on your website. You also want to give readers the knowled ge that they need in order to make informed decisions when it comes to hiring you, and in recommending you to their friends. So, when you are designing your research paper, make sure that it is comprehensive and offers information that the reader needs to get an idea of your work, and to judge whether you are a suitable candidate for the job.

The roles of women in medieval society in the Wife of Bath - Free Essay Example

Chaucer portrays the Wife of Bath, also known as Alison, as an unique individual in the General Prologue. Alison is a very pretty woman with a bold, red face that signal[s] her temperament (Hallissy 42). Additionally, her bright red stockings, new shoes, handmade kerchiefs, large hat, and spurs on her shoes flaunt her wealth and status (Slover 244) and exemplify her constant need for attention. Chaucer also introduces Alisons sexuality by illustrating gap-teeth, set widely (GP 15), a characteristic viewed as very sexual during the fourteenth century. The Wife of Bath is proficient in cloth making as Chaucer explains, She better[s] those of Ypres and of Ghent (GP 15), two of the most renowned cloth making capitals of Europe. Alison has also embarked on many previous pilgrimages to locations such as Rome and Jerusalem thrice (GP 15). Her decision to join Chaucers pilgrimage is interesting because during the time good women, especially widows, were advised to protect their virtue by staying at home (Hallissy 43). In addition to her income from her cloth making business, the Wife of Bath has ample resources to fund her pilgrimages through inheritances from her five late husbands, one from whom she most likely gained the cloth business. Having more than one husband was very rare during the fourteenth century as Most widows did not remarry, and were often left to fend for themsel ves (Slover 247). However, because Alison has wealth from previous marriages, she never has an issue after one of her husbands passes away. The roles of women in medieval society were very different for each woman based on her social class, but most took on the role of wife, widow, or mother (Slover 243). Womens lives were often shaped by inheritances from their families and husbands, but they often did not have input in whom they married (Johnston 739). Additionally, women were expected to marry very young because they had a natural duty to produce children for medieval men. Middle class women often stayed home and took care of the house, and many kept busy with necessary crafts such as spinning, weaving, and embroidering (740). The Wife of Bath represents many of the roles that women during the fourteenth century had, but she is also an individual, who defies the norms of medieval women. She was married very young to her first husband without her consent, but she does not have any children. Additionally, cloth making is a craft that she has developed and in which she has superlative skill. Finally, the Wife of Baths mo st unique quality is her sexuality. She has had a total of five husbands, and combined with her other company in youth (Chaucer, GP 15), she seems to know how to make men want her even in her old age. Chaucer creates a vivid image of Alison in the General Prologue, one which he continues to develop through the Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale. The Wife of Baths Prologue could be considered a tale in and of itself because of the sections sheer length and the amount of information revealed about Alison. She begins her Prologue by speaking of the difference between authority and experience, as well as about how . marriage is a misery and a woe(Chaucer, WBP 258). However, as she begins to discuss her relationships with her husbands, the reader begins to wonder if the woes arguably belong to her husbands rather than herself (Rossignol 385). The Wife of Bath associates authority with men because during medieval England knowledge came from the Bible and other books written and read solely by men, specifically the clergy. Therefore, she believes that Authority allows men to control women through books (Hallissy 106). However, she describes the way in which she uses sex and argumentation to control her husbands in order that she may redefin[e] the nature of authority (Hallissy 105). Alison tells the pilgrims that The three [husbands] that I call good were rich and old (Chaucer, WBP 263). During the Middle Ages in England, women did not have many choices for making money. Therefore, the Wife of Bath chose her first three husbands based on the wealth she had an opportunity to gain, because widows gained legal autonomy and usually inherited one-third of the property (Phillips 96) of her deceased husband. Because they were already old and nearing the age of death, she could acquire a wealth and her authority quickly by marrying these men. Alison uses sex as a means to gain control over her husbands. Until her husband gave all of his land and money into her control, she withheld sex from him. By abusing her power of sex, the Wife of Baths only goal is to achieve dominance over her husband (Hallissy 113). She also uses the power of argumentation against her husbands. Alison accused her husbands of unlawful acts continuously so that they did not have an opportunity to voice their suspicions, and so that when the argument was over, the husbands were so ex hausted that they did not have the energy to fight back. The Wife of Bath views argumentation [as] a way of gaining power (Hallissy 115). The last part of the Wife of Baths Prologue is her detailed explanation of her fourth and fifth husbands. Both husbands were younger men because she now had the financial stability to marry someone younger, considering A younger, poorer, but more attractive husbands would be a luxury that only a well-heeled widow could afford (Hallissy 115). The fourth was a partier who was unfaithful to Alison, so she attempted to show her authority by trying to make him jealous. Before the fourth was even cold in his grave, she had found another man named Jankyn (Phillips 98) and married him.

Civil Rights Movement During The Civil War - 960 Words

Civil Rights Movement With the winning of the Civil War still in the minds of many, conducting interviews of previous slaves intrigued those wanting to know what it was like being a slave. With the interview there is a look inside the life of, a woman still in her childhood, what her life was like, and how she dealt with being a slave. The life of a slave was no easy feat, but with perseverance many made it to the wars end, although life still has many hardships for the Freedman today. The interview was given to Betty Powers by the New Deals Federal Writer’s Project in 1936, quite a few years after the slaves were freed. These interviews were given to give a look into the life of a slave, what they went through, and the pains and turmoil that white people had caused. This interview just proved how terrible and inhumane slavery was, and why it needed to be ended, although it caused the south to completely change its ways in the Reconstruction Era. In the textbook there were vie ws from both the North and the South on slavery and its end. This article is on the view of the slaves and the North, believing it was the right thing to end slavery, and that the color of your skin doesn’t mean you aren’t human. On the South’s view, they believed the opposite that African Americans were below the whites, and were meant for harsh labor. The treatment of African American’s thus leads to Reverend Henry McNeal Turner to give a speech before the Georgia State Legislator in 1868, becauseShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Movements During The World War II911 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Rights Movements After the World War II, the United States has a significant impact in social changes on minorities’ social class status and gender. Women were not given equal rights to men and segregation in school between African American and White people to raise the issues to the roof. Veterans returned from the War had been treated badly and considered a lower class in society. Civil Rights movement involved many minorities group of people in the United States fight for the equal rightsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During World War II955 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II, America as a nation faced many challenges both at home and abroad. Some of these challenges at home included Strikes and protests in war production factories, which was due to increasing differences between the government and employers, with the workers/labor unions. Another was the Civil rights movement for African-Americans, which advocated for equal rights for all Americans, when African Americans joined the war efforts by both joining the military and working in the war factoriesRead More1968 Was a Turning Point for the United States. Assess the Validity of This Statement652 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the 1960s our nation was going through many important and crucial events. From the Vietnam War to national politics, and even civil rights, our country was changing a lot. In particular, the year 1968, was when our country went through a major turning point, especially when you take in consideration the major events that involved the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement such as the â€Å"Tet Offense†, violent protests, and the Civil Rights Act being passed. The Vietnam War is still a veryRead MoreThe Black People And The Civil Rights Movement1741 Words   |  7 Pagescome a long way. We still have a long way to go, even though some progress has been made. Black people started as slaves, who were the victims of rape, murder, and many other brutal things. Then came the civil rights period where most black people were free persay, but still lacked basic human rights. Today, black people in America are living in a place that appears to be equal and racially unbiased. This however, is not true. Black people are still exposed to racism, and unfair treatment. However,Read MoreEssay on The Civil War: A Women’s Time to Shine1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was a defining point for the United States. The people of America were forced to step back and reevaluate what defined the American Citizen: a person with the rights and privilege to cast a vote for what or who he believes in. The key word here is â€Å"he†. The Civil War brought freedom and rights to African Americans, yet it had no directly positive effect on women’s rights. While African Americans were seeing their lives and futures change, to many observers the women’s rights movementRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During The 1960 S1224 Words   |  5 Pagespositive and negative effects on the people of the US.   During the 1960’s there were a lot of changes and one of these major changes was know as The Civil Rights Movement.   The civil rights movement was a movement created by African Americans to achieve rights equal to white people and have equal opportunity in housing, employment, education, the right to vote, and to not be segregated.   This movement had many important leaders that helped get rights for African Americans.   The book â€Å"Tambourines To Glory†Read MoreThe Abolition Of The Civil War1679 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the mid 1800s, the issue of slavery and its expansion had become a major controversial element of American history, resulting in the transpiration of the Civil War. Between the years of 1861 and 1865, conflict between the North and South had emerged, causing bloodshed at America’s most dominant period of history. Throughout the year 1861, intense conflict between the North and South over issues of states’ liberties, federal power, westward expansion, and slavery had impelled the Civil WarRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement comprised efforts of grassroots activists and national leaders to obtain for African Americans the basic rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists. During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experiencedRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War844 Words   |  4 Pagessome part in the evolution of the black race. After the Civil War, most of the races in America were seen to have separate freedom, but as the years progress African Americans were one of the many to stand up and obtain their individuality. In the process of obtaining individual freedom, there were many events that played important roles in this particular process. The African American race was seen to evolve during slavery, Civil Rights, and modern day. Each of these significant times, AfricanRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy : A War On Poverty And The So Called Great Society1021 Words   |  5 PagesKennedy announced his New Frontier domestic program. During his presidency, he was not able to implement his promises successfully. â€Å"Without a clear Democratic majority in Congress he was unable to increase federal aid to ed ucation, provide health insurance for the aged, create a cabinet-level department of urban affairs, or expand civil rights† (Tindall and Shi 1050). His successor Johnson, committed to New Deal Democratic Liberalism, launched a War on Poverty and the so-called Great Society, a large

Whats the Meaning of A Priori in French

In English, this Latin expression is not often used, and means in theory. In French, À  Priori is used quite often. It has several meanings. À Prioris Meaning In French, à   priori means: in principle/if everything goes as planned/unless something changes Oà ¹ vas-tu pour les vacances? Where do you go for your vacation?À priori, je vais en Bretagne... mais ce nest pas encore sà »r. If everything goes as planned, Im going to Brittany, but its not certain yet. À priori, son examen sest bien passà ©.Unless something changes (unless we hear otherwise), his test went well. Tu aimes le canard ? Do you like duck?À priori, oui, mais je nen ai jamais mangà ©. In principle, yes, but Ive never had it. Note that there are no good synonyms for this expression in French, which makes it quite useful and used. Avoir Des À Priori Note that when written without an s à   priori means to have set opinions about something. Tu dois le rencontrer sans à   priori.You must meet him without set opinions ( with an open mind) Elle a des à   priori contre lui.She has set opinions about him. A synonym could be un prà ©jugà ©.

We Do NOT Need Affirmative Action Essay - 549 Words

Affirmative Action is steps that are taken to ensure that the opportunities are equal between minorities and others. There have been many heated debates over this issue, and maybe the worst is yet to come. Some might feel it is necessary because they feel opportunities are not equal for minorities. Many people believe that gaps need to be closed between minorities and others, but there is a difference in the method. I feel the current method is not constitutional, lawful, and not proven to be an adequate solution. We don’t even know what is the cause of inequality. How can we figure out what the solution is? There is no evidence showing whether imbalances in education and the workforce are racial or economical.†¦show more content†¦Affirmative Action goes against what our country was founded on. Our preamble to the Constitution proclaims liberty and justice for everyone. We have worked so hard to perfect our country with our numerous amendments to the Constitution. In stead of solidifying the equalities we have worked for, it challenges the concept of equality. Affirmative Action is unlawful. Affirmative Action goes against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act was made to insure that no one would be discriminated against, yet we use reverse discrimination to insure equality. The Civil Rights Act did not establish superiority of one race, religion, or sex over the other one. To give preferential treatment to any minorities is a blatant violation of Title VII. Affirmative Action is also a violation of Title II where interstate commerce is involved. Affirmative Action in federally funded schools also violates Title IV. The Affirmative Action Program is not reaching its goal. The program was supposed to be an equalizer. Minorities were supposed to have the same opportunities in the workforce, and education as others. Now the gap is bigger than thirty years ago. Less African American’s go to college now than in 1990. Affirmative A ction also casts shadows on our merit. Why should an unworthy candidate receive a position only because of their color? This way of thinking only excuses minorities from being judged byShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination3927 Words   |  16 Pagesexpectations of the way people are supposed to behave in everyday life. Anti-discrimination law is an essential tool in securing the functioning of democracy. It is necessary to understand what the law, and anti-discrimination law, may be expected to do and the challenges for the proper functioning of the legal system. CAUSES OF DISCRIMINATION Kids can learn prejudiced attitudes from their parents. Prejudice could also exist in order to get approvalRead MoreThe Impact of Ethnicity on Civil Service Delivery in Nigeria.2605 Words   |  11 Pagesby government to integrate and unify the civil service but, not without the effort of the Northern leader using its office to strike a balance if not increase the number Northerners over the Southerners in the central civil service through an affirmative action. Today, deep rooted ethnicity has eaten deep into the Nigerian social, political, economic and institutional fabric including its civil service. 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According to Kitzinger Wilkinson (1996: 8 as cited in Maccallum, 2002), othering is defined as ‘Who and what Others are . . . is intimately related to ‘our’ notion of who and what ‘we’ are. ‘We’ use Other to define ourselves: ‘we’ understand ourselvesRead MoreJob Analysis13751 Words   |  56 PagesAPPENDIX A- PERSONNEL ASSESSMENT SPECIALIST JOB ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE 36-60 1 ABSTRACT In the 1980 s, IPMAAC conducted a comprehensive Personnel Assessment Specialist job analysis in order to develop information about the variety of tasks we perform and the competencies needed in our profession. Many different applications and uses were envisioned for the resulting report. In a subsequent survey, the IPMAAC membership reported their belief that the job-analysis results would be useful toRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesis not just about individual prejudices and actions, but systemic processes. 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Key Words: racism, discrimination, affirmative action, diversity, equal rights, culture Read MoreEmployment and Lower Court2977 Words   |  12 Pagesgrades posted within 7 days. I have enjoyed getting to know and working with all of you over the last few weeks. As always, I learn as much if not more from all of you than vice versa. Best of luck in all of your future studies and careers. Please do not hesitate to call me if you have any question or concerns. Thank you all again. Good luck. Multiple Choice Instructions: Circle the letter of the best choice. 1) Jill is a marketing manager for Beta Co., located in a state recognizing at-willRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesonaryDictionary of Ònà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬chà   Igbo 2nd edition of the Igbo dictionary, Kay Williamson, Ethiope Press, 1972. 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Sexual Harassment Within The Workplace - 1349 Words

What is sexual harassment? According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines workplace sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances or conduct of a sexual nature which unreasonably interferes with the performance of a person s job or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment refers to the action of repeated, annoying sexual comments, gazes and physical contact at the workplace. Sexual harassment refers to sexual actions that annoy the party affected. Sexual harassment at work is a serious problem and can happen to both women and men. (Sexual Harassment, n.d.). Quid pro quo and hostile work environment are the two recognized types of sexual harassment under Title VII. To be†¦show more content†¦Hostile environment harassment can include gender- or sexual orientation–based jokes or comments, calling people by derogatory gender-related names, threats, touching of a sexual nature, offensive e-mail or Web site mes sages, talking about one’s sexual behaviors in front of others, spreading rumors about coworkers. Training is a traditional tool of choice where employers wish to take, or demonstrate, â€Å"reasonable care to prevent† and â€Å"good faith efforts.† Evidence of effective training programs can now eliminate employer liability for workplace harassment in many situations and allow employers to avoid imposition of punitive damages even in cases of proven harassment and discrimination. There are at least four ways in which U.S. law has encouraged or effectively mandated sexual harassment training. First, and most important, developing case law interpreting and applying Title VII of the Civil Rights Act has elevated training to an effective defense to charges of harassment in many cases. Second, EEOC Guidelines explicitly call for training. Third, high profile settlement agreements and consent decrees typically incorporate a training component. Finally, at the state l evel, many state legislatures or governors have enacted statutes or issued executive orders, respectively, that mandate training (Buckner, Hindman, Huelsman, Bergman, 2014, p. 258). Things workersShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment Within The Workplace949 Words   |  4 PagesSexual harassment (SH) in the workplace, as defined by the Ontario Human Rights Commission, is a form of discrimination based on sex. SH can be subjective, in the sense that it can range from anything as severe to asking for sex in exchange for something to gloating about sexual capabilities. While both women and men can be victims, trends indicate that women are greater times the recipient. According to Kubik (2016) 40 – 75% of women and 15% of men experience sexual harassment in the workplace.Read MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1382 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE Sexual harassment is any form of unprecedented sexual conduct in which the offender uses inappropriate language and actions that humiliate the sexuality of the offended. At workplaces, sexual harassment occurs when stakeholders of an organization engage in unwelcomed conducts of sexual nature, which makes the recipients (of the conduct) intimidated and uncomfortable. As Solotoff and Kramer (2014: 67) assert, sexual harassment is a widespread practiceRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1567 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is a continuing, persistent occupational health problem in corporations and work environments. 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Alexander III Free Essays

string(81) " of workers in industrial areas – and was fairly successful in the matter\." â€Å"In terms of both personality and policies, Alexander Ill did not posses the qualities necessary for a successful ruler of late 19th-century Russia† – to what extent to you agree with this Judgment? Whilst the Judgment could be considered well-founded, its validity is a matter of opinion, depending on how one defines the qualities of a ‘successful ruler’ of Russia in the late sass, which policies contribute to this success and what, overall, makes a Tsar a success or a failure (if the matter can be categorized so dictatorially). Disregarding the technicalities of the Judgment, although Alexander Ill may not have assessed all the qualities that would have classed him as a successful Tsar, he was not entirely lacking in them – nor in his policies – therefore meaning that the statement is not entirely correct. Before discussing what made a successful 19th century Russian autocrat, it must be ascertained what ‘successful’ entails: in this case, it would be achieving the aims of the autocrat/autocracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander III or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary aim of an autocrat in the sass would be to preserve or extend the autocracy and its power both internally and internationally, meaning that there would be few or no concessions of power and that the Tsar would appear as a forceful, formidable figure to both its allies and enemies and in the eyes of citizens of the Russian Empire in both the motherland and its annexes. This was obviously extremely important to Alexander Ill, given his ‘Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy in April 1881. Secondary aims may have varied from Tsar to Tsar but for Alexander these were: the rejection of democracy and the reversal of Alexander SIS liberalism, which fitted neatly with the preservation of autocracy; the removal of opposition that had arisen during Alexander SIS reign, including crushing the threat of revolution; and the economic and industrial modernization of Russia, moving it towards becoming a ‘Great Power’. And of course, he would have to possess the support of the majority Russian people, though this was generally a given, as even – if not especially – those who had never seen the Tsar were convinced of his positions as ‘gods anointed’ and their ‘Little Father’. Depending on how high a regard the Tsar is held in, it could be suggested that humanitarian aims were present however, for the purposes of this essay, this will not be included, as an overview of Alexander Ills reign suggest that whilst he made some inclusion for his workers and subjects, many freedoms and rights were compromised to further the ‘greater good’. Autocracy generally protects the autocrat from criticism of personal traits, though, if in possession of some or lacking in others, it may make the autocrat’s rule easier or harder. To be both a highly autocratic ruler and to be successful, one would have had to appear as both ruthless and honest, likeable yet formidable, as the ‘little father’ to the peasants whilst also appearing as working to protect the upper class and as incredibly patriotic, though not to the extent that it would disadvantage the country. An well rounded education in militarily, state and economic matters, though not technically a personality trait, would also be beneficial for a Tsar to possess, allowing him to be thoughtful and therefore to curb any headstrong impulsiveness he may have had. In terms of policy, depending on the Tsar’s aims, how well they supported of achieved those aims and how well they were received helped his achievement of prosperity in his role as successful and popular policies make for a successful and popular rule. Despite this, it must be noted that although a Tsar had the potential to cake or break the country, advisors often tempered him, especially if those advisors had previously been influential in his life, meaning a Tsar’s successfulness could be down to more than Just his personality or the policies he made. In terms of preserving the autocracy, and reversing the steps towards democracy his father had taken, Alexander Ill was arguably very successful, especially in his dealings with revolutionary groups and opposition in the sass and sass. After his fathers assassination by members of the terrorist group the ‘People’s Will’ – ‘Normandy Volta’ – the Tsar ruthlessly cracked down on groups and organizations hat opposed him through the return of rigid censorship, exiles to Siberia and executions, such as the hanging of Alexandra Llanos and four others in 1887. The policy that allowed his authorities more power in pursuing opposition groups was the 1881 Statute of State Security, which gave the state the power to declare an area of the country under ‘extraordinary protection’ and to therefore impose what essentially amounted to martial law: the banning of public meetings could be banned, the closing and restriction of schools, the extension of powers of the police especially the Koruna) and the arrest of anybody who was deemed ‘liberal’ or in opposition to the regime. Furthermore, whilst the restrictions of censorship were resented by many (especially the revolutionaries, liberals and those calling for social change) it certainly did slow the spread of anti-tsarist ideas that had contributed to the dislike of autocracy and later the assassination of Alexander II. The combination of the restrictions on physically forming opposition groups and the restrictions on the spread of ideologies made it difficult for revolutionaries to even arm groups, let alone for them to actually perform any revolutionary actions. Whilst the methods through which Alexander Ill kept control of Russia were radical, conservative and incredibly harsh, they were no less effective for that and ensured a fairly stable, though oppressive, reign for him making him successful in his preservation of autocracy and the removal of the threat of revolution in his time. Economically and industrially, Russia was lagging behind Europe in the late sass. Alexander Ill intended to change that through a protectionist economic policy, imposing customs duties on imported goods to recover Russian’s economy and allowing rapid industrial and infrastructural growth – the latter intending to an increase in the number of workers in industrial areas – and was fairly successful in the matter. You read "Alexander III" in category "Papers" He was also successfully frugal in accounting in state finances, though Russian’s expenditure on debt was still fairly high. With his ministers Bungee, Witted Yesterdays he achieved his aim of a major boost of progress both economically and industrially, whilst also attempting to improve agricultural production – evidence of this success being the 8% per annum Roth in Russian’s economy. Antithetical to the progress made was the social conditions that went along with it. Living conditions in towns and cities were mostly poor and often factory work paid poorly, leaving poverty, overcrowding and discontent to fester with the workers. In addition to this, though its efficiency improved, agriculture was exploited to the extent that major famines were caused, the largest in 1891 , as emphasis was placed on exporting the agricultural products, rather than letting peasants provide from themselves with them. High taxes were also placed on peasants to fund the instruction of railway lines, such as the Trans-Siberian Railway, and this furthered the poverty experienced by many in both developed and rural areas, though it did allow for improvement in the internal transportation of goods and of people (another successfully achieved aim). There was a definite lack of basic societal care in Alexander Ill, yet he was not entirely negligent in his role of the ‘Little Father’ to his subjects: The Peasant Land Bank was set up in 1883, giving cheap loans to allow peasants to buy their own land; redemption payments were lowered, allowing extremely poor peasants to move emend subsidence farming; and, in towns and cities, factories were legislated with working hours established and an inspectorate employed. In some ways, his work for the ‘greater good’ could be considered more characteristic of a successful Tsar than humanitarianism would be as a Tsar’s first duty was to God and his country, meaning that improvement of the country should be attempted no matter what the cost to its people (who were supposed to shared his loyalties, given his adopted slogan of ‘Nationality, Orthodoxy, Autocracy. As far as foreign policy goes, Alexander Ills title as the ‘Peacekeeper’ Tsar is perhaps s deserved as his fathers title the Tsar ‘Liberator’ was; though his policies successfully kept the peace, it was most likely not for pacifistic, humanitarian reasons (as far as we know, or can deduct) but rather to allow for Russia to improve practically. Evidence of this is that, although diplomatically peaceful, the Tsar opposed doctrines of peace fairly strongly, preferring the view that a nation must be prepared for war in order to avoid it. No major wars occurred during his reign, and given the problems that the Crimean War had left in its wake, this was a definite success on his part. Ensuring a tentative peace with Germany and Austria-Hungary with the Three Emperors’ Alliance with the renewal of it in 1881, Alexander Ill successfully gained security for the first few years of his reign. The circumnavigation of collapse of this from 1885-1887 due to conflict in the Balkans potentially avoided any major problems for Russia and instead left them option to pursue Franco-Russian policy to fill the vacuum left by Russian’s estrangement from Germany Austria-Hungary, earning another success for the Tsar in his foreign policy. Of course, the fact collapse of the Three Emperors’ Alliance, along with the tensions n the Balkans (though a continuance from previous Tsar’s agendas) could be counted as a failing on Alexander part, but this is largely negated by his other successes, such his cautious avoidance of conflict with any European or Asian powers whilst gradually expanding Russian influence and power. Contrary to the success Alexander had with his foreign policy, a domestic policy that mostly failed and caused much resentment with in the Russian Empire was Rustication – the attempted unification of the Russian Empire under one ruler, one religion, one language and one culture. In abstract, Rustication would supposedly eave united the peoples of the Russian Empire and wiped out the threat of revolution and made Russia a dominant power in Europe, however all it did in reality was anger those whose cultures, religions or languages were being repressed, and spawn resentment towards the Tsar in all corners of his Empire. Obviously it was a policy that failed, given that it had been intended to quell revolutionary action and unify the state when, instead, it caused further divisions between the myriad of ethnicities present in Russia and actually grew revolutionary movements in areas like Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine. For Alexander Ill to be classed as successful the personal qualities needed for a ruler and the policies that may have been needed to achieve his aims would have been a balancing act of epic proportions – something that only somebody who had been raised to be a ruler could manage to do with any degree of success. As the second son of Alexander II, Alexander Ill was not expected to become Tsar and was educated only to the standard of a Grand Duke of the period, the finer points of ruling a country were not taught to him until his brother Nicolas died in 1865. Despite him being described as a gruff, narrow minded and fairly crude (Queen Victoria described him as â€Å"a sovereign she does not look upon as a gentleman†) Alexander Ill was of true Russian character: a deeply religious, moral honest man with an imposing figure and fiery temperament. These traits would have fitted the profile of a Tsar fairly well in abstract but, in reality, the coarseness of Alexander character prevented them from being viewed as such. Alexander natural conservatism was likely furthered by the assassination of his father by radicals, and by the influence of Photostatted – his reactionary tutor – ND that the dangers that liberalism connoted, given the numerous attempts on his fathers life, and later on his own. However, conservatism obviously was not a bad trait to possess in the late 19th century, as the previous Tsar’s liberalism had granted freedoms to those who would wish to end autocracy and in return had been granted a caved in skull. Gruffness of nature was characteristic of Alexander and, whilst it may have looked upon degradingly by the other nobles of Europe, it gained him a certain kind of respect from his people as he gave not only an impression of solidity and strength, UT also one of rough-cut solidarity with his people. For an long period of time, the Romano Tsars had been untouchable, not only as divine, but also in the distinctions of class between them and their subjects, therefore having a Tsar who was relatable, but not ‘soft’, as Alexander II may have been thought of as, was highly desirable. As far as being liked or admired as a person, Alexander was well liked by sloppiness and many of the Russian peasants who felt a ruler who was suspicious of the west, highly patriotic and characteristic of the ideal Russian man was one they could purport, and consequently, one who would be successful. On a slightly humorous note, an example of a quality that may have proved endearing to the typical Russian worker was his love of drinking. Even after he was diagnosed with kidney problems and forbidden alcohol by his wife, Alexander continued to drink, using hidden compartments in his boots to store flasks of alcohol that, when his wife left the room, he Jokingly pulled out and swigged from. Alternately, the lack of education and culture Alexander Ill displayed made him seem rather brutish; two traits that did not sit well with the ‘cultured’ gentry who had ivied through the reign of his more cultivated father. Furthermore it seemed to go against autocratic, ruling-class propriety to have a crude, UN-gentlemanly, bear of a man ruling a country that – though tumultuous and uneven in its wealth – produced some of the finest architecture, art, music and literature in the 19th century. The late 19th century was a time when Russia was teetering on the brink of revolution, modernization and industrialization, and in keeping the revolution down whilst advancing the country fiscally was something that Alexander Ill did admirably ell, despite his flaws and failed policies. Though he may not have been a Tsar for the people, nor the ‘Liberator’ his father was he, ensured the security of Russian autocracy for his reign (mostly through repression, at the expense of liberties) therefore making him a successful Tsar overall, contrary to what the statement suggests. Additionally, though conservatism is often painted as a backwards, oppressive political view to hold, it can be argued that for Alexander Ill preserve his rule and economically/industrially bring Russia up to speed – ruling with an iron fist How to cite Alexander III, Papers

Language Development & Reading Process-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Language Development and the Reading Process in Childern. Answer: Introduction Children have a universal way of acquiring languages, regardless of the number of languages being introduced to them. For them, acquisition of language is much like a game of ball, they are given a set of rules and they are on. By rules one means the structure, rules and their use in order to learn that language. Every language learning process goes through a set of steps, through which the language can be effectively learnt. Concepts like reading skills, writing skills, contextual knowledge, knowledge of the sound units and other factors are always there to support the process of learning a language. If one considers the age group of children, then one would have to keep in mind that it is a more careful process. Taking care of a child learning a language is a very intricate role for the teachers. The foundation of ones language system is the persons basic knowledge of the language he is talking in. For that one would know that proper language training would be very important to pro vide from a very young age. Children have a very clear and capable mind, which can easily grasp any kind of knowledge so teaching them a language would be more interesting as they can be, taught any which way the teacher pleases. However, proper steps should be maintained for the process. The following essay talks in detail about each stage if language learning and development in children and how reading process is taught to a child. The essay discusses in fair details about topics such as, Reading, Phonological and Phonetic awareness in children, Alphabet and Phonic Knowledge, Concepts of Prints and Screen and Contextual, Semantic and Grammatical Information. Each of the above topics named is equally important as the other. Each of them is important in the learning process of a language for a child. These steps are vital and they shape the way a child learns a particular language, irrespective of nationality or ethnicity (McDonalds, 2013). What is reading? An infant has the capability to look at pictures, understand voices and point out towards objects near and far. It is very essential for the immediate teacher, whether in play school or home to guide them through the first steps of reading and learning. It is very essential that the first few steps of learning are guided by pictures, paintings and visually appealing methods, so that the child is never bored and finds interest in the process of learning. Drawing attention towards pictures and story books, and relating to real world objects, a child takes its very first steps towards learning. This is when a child starts understanding communication and languages used to communicate. Reading out stories to children makes up an essential part of learning for children and they gradually grow up to read on their own, from their knowledge of sound and understanding of letters. They see the written letters and learn making the sounds related to them. The next step is teaching them how to mak e simple words by adding up their knowledge of letters, and reading them from their knowledge of the sounds the letters produce. Learning to read becomes more like an automatic reflex as soon as the rhythm and melody of a language start becoming a part of the childs system. Further, reading skills are improved by introducing complex reading elements like bigger words, sentences and complex sentence structures (Masny, 2012). Phonological and Phonetic Awareness in Children Phonology is the study of the rules that govern speech and sound production. Phonetics is the study about the way in which a particular unit of speech is uttered, while phonics is the system in which symbols stand for sounds in a specific alphabetic writing system. Phonological awareness is the ability to understand segments of sounds and arrange them for oral language. Childrens curriculums mostly have events involving music classes, story-telling and rhyme classes which help them to introduce themselves to sounds and syllables, and the proper use of them. But it is to be noted that phonological awareness begins at a very early age, even before children start going to school, their home environments are where they are introduced to sounds and speech at first. A sound phonological awareness helps children to make better connections between sounds and letters (Brady and Shankweiler, 2013) When we talk of Phonetics, we mean the tiny unites of speech which corresponds to the letters of a particular alphabetic system. Awareness of any language is produced through these small sounds composing a word or sentence. When a child enters school, his phonemic awareness determines largely what kind of gripping power the child will have. It is also a fact, according to research that phonemic awareness can be developed through proper instruction, and that helps a childs reading and writing skills later. Alphabet and Phonic Knowledge Phonics is something that involves both eyes and ears, whereas just ears are needed as aids to acquire phonological knowledge. One cannot have phonic awareness without phonological awareness. So for children, it is ideal to have them introduced to sounds first before letters and visual representation are introduced to them. Phonic knowledge helps children link actions to letter sounds. This helps them to remember better. When children are taught all the letter sounds, they are further introduced to the idea of letters and sounds together and the association of both. Then they learn how to link actions with letter sounds so that they retain easily and effectively. Then they are taught how to blend sounds like oo or sh, etc. then de-coding new words become easier. This can be the first step taken towards reading (Drouin, Horner Sondergold, 2012) By Alphabet knowledge we mean the ability in children to name, distinguish shapes, identify sounds of alphabet and write them successfully. This kind of knowledge is developed through a few activities which come in the respective sequence: Reciting the alphabet Learning the letters Identifying the letter shapes that match the name Identify letter sounds Alphabet knowledge helps to develop phonological sensitivity, which includes the ability to detect and play with sound structures of spoken language. For example: being able to make different words with the /m/ sound. Phonological awareness aids the growth of the knowledge of alphabets. When children can pick out the sounds in spoken words, they can identify the letter-sound resemblance. Concepts of Print and Screen It is very essential to design proper reading- screening instruments for screening a childs learning progress. Children keep on growing in their phonological and early reading skills. The right time to start screening children has something that has drawn debates. Certain cases argue the age limit for as to when this screening should be introduced. Some views claim that children should go through screening before formal instruction has begun. Prevention of reading issues can be detected early on in life if a child does not get fully involved in the system of formal literacy instruction. The other view states that screening as a part of pre-school, precisely before they enter kindergarten will reduce the accuracy of the screening process. That can happen for two factors, namely: Children may end up scoring poorly if they are tested at such a tender age, before they have even acquired their abilities to understand languages fully. Some children, who take longer to adjust to their surrounding classrooms, will end up scoring poorly as they might not be as attentive as they should be beyond their comfort zones (Hill,2012). Print awareness stands for and understanding of structure, function and conventions of written language. The process is based on certain skills which are taught to children for a better understanding of language: Understanding the concept of letter/word Distinguishing between illustration and print Distinguishing letters from numbers Understanding punctuation marks, etc A large part of the teaching process is dependent on the printed materials. Little children should be encouraged to read from printed materials, which keep the children interested in the visually appealing study materials. This does not only have their interests, but also encourages effective learning. The basic steps towards this can be implemented by labeling things for instance, their belongings, labeling storage boxes and cupboards, writing in colored chalks on the blackboard, and other methods effective in introducing print to them. Print awareness helps children develop their observing skills, and keeps them interested in lessons. Contextual, Semantic and Grammatical/Phonic Information If a child is growing up in an environment where not too many people talk, the child will automatically talk less. Similarly, in a talkative environment the child will grow up to be talkative. But it is very essential that the child is taught the idea of context. By the idea of context we mean that when a word is uttered the meaning if the word is specific to factors surrounding it. Such as the environment, gender, day, time, etc. for effective teaching of language, a child should also be introduced to the concept of contextual words. That will widen the window of the childs understanding and he will understand the better use of words. Every school should have sessions where teachers interact with the students in a way, teaching those more about contextual functions of words. Semantic awareness stands for and understanding and correct use of meaning when it involves single words, sentences or phrases. It is something that is very necessary for language acquisition skills. It is very important for children to be taught from a very early age which meaning relates to which word, and that what semantic knowledge stands for. Sometimes it is context bound, sometimes it is not. However, baby steps are taken when it comes to teaching children because they are not expected to have the capability to understand complex meanings. So, little segment-meanings are provided to them for easier understanding (Zens NK, 2017). Grammar is the pillar of foundation when it comes to written and spoken language, which helps people to understand language better. Using a mode of communication with poor grammar is something that takes away meaning from the conversation. This can hinder proper communication and also affect ones self esteem for not having been able to communicate ones thoughts. Proper grammar makes reading and understanding easier for both parties involved in a conversation, making the conversation fruitful and enjoyable. For children also, correct grammar helps in expanding vocabulary as one can come in contact with new words and learn better and innovative ways to communicate their thoughts to the other person. Improved grammar skills always have a positive effect on learners, and it is important that children are groomed to learn correct grammar so that they grow up to speak confidently (Lowe, 2016). Learning good grammar helps in certain factors such as: Better concentration Reading and writing skills improved Enhanced thinking abilities Betterment in creative writing Better language comprehension It is a fact that grammar skills help children to prepare better for higher classes. Children advance towards a bigger world of words. Each of the above topics has been elaborated to explain how they play a major role in shaping the way a child learns and understands a language. It also determines how effectively it affects the learning process. Every step has a procedure of being taught. Every step has a specific age to be taught. This whole process helps to acquire the skill of becoming successful in using a language fluently. Each process is important in the way of learning a language. Conclusion In conclusion to the whole essay we can say that each of the above steps is extremely crucial in terms of a childs process of learning a language and developing reading skills. Children tend to learn very quickly and it is very essential to maintain the correct steps to ensure they learn any language to the best of the potential. That applies for the reading and writing skills too. For that, maintaining the decorum or steps is very important References Axford, B., Harders, P. and Wise, F., (2009). Scaffolding literacy: An integrated and sequential approach to teaching reading, spelling and writing. Camberwell, Victoria: ACER Publishing Brady, S. A., Shankweiler, D. P. (Eds.). (2013). Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. Liberman. Routledge. Drouin, M., Horner, S. L., Sondergeld, T. A. (2012). Alphabet knowledge in preschool: A Rasch model analysis. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(3), 543-554. Hill, S. (2012). Developing early literacy: Assessment and teaching. (2nd Ed). Prahran, Victoria: Eleanor Curtain Publishing. Lowe, K. (2016). For the love of reading: Supporting struggling readers. Newtown, NSW: Primary English Teaching Association Australia. Masny, D. (2012). What is reading? A cartography of reading. Mapping multiple literacies: An introduction to Deleuzian literacy studies, 69-92. McDonald, L. (2013). A literature companion for teachers. Sydney, NSW: Primary English Teaching Association Australia. Zens NK, e. (2017). Effects of phonological awareness and semantic intervention on word-learning in children with SLI. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 4 August 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21271927

Racial Discrimination Against Nonwhites Essays -

Racial Discrimination Against Nonwhites During the time of War World II, many group of nonwhite race faced unfairness in the United States. Among all the minorities that were being discriminated against, the two most well known races were the African American and the Japanese American. They were treated unfairly due to their color and culture. Even though they are two totally distinct groups with different customs and backgrounds, they felt similar the way they were being treated. Both group were denied of their right as U.S. citizen. Despite the fact that many African Americans and Japanese Americans were born and raise in the United States, the U.S. government questioned their loyalty due to their ancestry. As for Japanese American, the main reason they were being victimized was due to the hostility between Japan and United States. Like the novel No-No Boy, by John Okada, mentions, many Japanese were forced to choose between being an American or Japanese, but not both. However, it is a little different for the African Americans. African Americans, they were being looked at as a lower class citizen, originally brought over as slaves. Even after the war, regardless of the fact that many of them are free citizens, they are still being kept from many of their rights. Even with the different causes, the African Americans and the Japanese American experience discrimination in a similar way. The war affected the Japanese Americans in many ways. Most Japanese came to United States for the dream of better earning, and one-day to return to Japan after becoming rich. However, this dream did not come true for most Japanese immigrants. Even though they did not achieve their goal, they continued to stay and form families in U.S. Thus, many second and third generation Japanese were born and received education in U.S. Many of them know and love U.S. more than Japan, the country of their original ancestry. Some of them are so Americanize that they cannot even understand or speak Japanese. Nevertheless when the war broke out between Japan and U.S., they were asked to fill out a form from Selective Service to prove their loyalty. Number 27 and 28 were two crucial questions, asking if they were willing to serve the army of U.S. in a combat duty and also if they were willing to swear alignment to U.S. government. The people that answered no to both questions were considered as no-no b oys, and immediately put in jail. Many Nisei and Sanseis were unhappy about these two questions, because the questions implied that they were at one time loyal to the emperor. As for the Isseis, since they cannot become U.S. citizens, if they swear alignment to U.S government that means they would become stateless people. Even though many Japanese did not pledge loyal to Japanese Emperor, they still answered no to both questions. For those who agreed to fight in combat for U.S., some were even send to Japan to fight against their own blood and kin. Among all the discriminatory actions taken against Japanese American one of the most severe one is the internment camp. There are several reasons that cause this incident. One of the reasons being the successfulness of Japanese in the west coast in the agricultural field. The whites felt that they are being threatened. Thus, executive orders were made to evacuate Japanese from the west cost, conducted by General John D. Dewitt. Japanese were brought to assembly centers before they were distributed to different relocation centers. Japanese were only given one week of notice to gather their belongings and to sell their properties. Japanese, regardless of their citizenship, were send to the internment camp. Unlike what the constitution states, people are innocent until proven guilty, Japanese were being looked upon as disloyal until proven otherwise. Many of the facilitys officials knew little about Japanese American, but automatically they transferred attitudes held about Negroes to th e evacuees. The racism in U.S. created many pressure between the young Japanese Americans. Like mentions in the No-No Boy, It was because he was Japanese and, at the same time, had to prove to the world that he was not Japanese that the turmoil was in his soul and urged

Comparison Essay Sample - The Difference Between a Successful Essay and a Poor One

Comparison Essay Sample - The Difference Between a Successful Essay and a Poor OneIf you're looking for an essay sample to use for your own examination, the similarity and difference essay sample may be just what you need. It's ideal for your short essay or dissertation because it requires just three or four short paragraphs to tell a story, and requires no more than one page to complete. But unlike standard essay writing software that asks you to write a story and only one or two pages of explanation, a sampler like this will provide you with hundreds of stories, most of which can be used in other essays as well.The similarity and difference essay sample is designed to assess your understanding of the material you are studying, and make a determination on how similar or different you are from others who have taken the same course or chosen to pursue the same career path. It consists of the option to allow students to choose among eleven unique story segments to go into detail about. These segments all seem quite real, and you'll find that a lot of them aren't really meant to be applied to any particular situation.The similarity and difference sample contain several character profiles which allow you to see how each one of them compares to others. While you won't learn the rest of their backgrounds, the ability to look at them and see what they might have in common is enough to make a different outcome possible.You'll also have the option to examine areas of interest and reading comprehension skills. This will let you see where you stand, if you're better or worse than other students, and evaluate your competence and potential. It's also easy to set up what portions of the sample you'll focus on, so that you can get an idea of what the examiner might be looking for and try to turn up what you have that he's looking for.For your short essay, it's very easy to write and apply the material, and it should be able to help you take full advantage of your abilities. A s long you're doing everything correctly, you shouldn't have a problem with presenting an informative yet concise conclusion.In addition to the similarity and difference essay sample, you also have the chance to study a comparison essay sample. This is a much larger essay that you can use if you need to go into detail about the same topic, and it can be an effective option if you're trying to improve on an essay you've already completed.Essay writing software is often great for helping you with your college essay writing, but it's not a perfect tool for your individual needs. An essay sampler like the similarity and difference essay sample can give you the tools you need to improve your essay while taking less time.

Essay Sample on the Reinforcement of Separation Between God and People

Essay Sample on the Reinforcement of Separation Between God and People The separation between God and people was born at the very beginning of the existence of human beings. Chapters 1-3 of the book of Genesis illustrate the famous Creation account where the idea of separation was first established. From this point and further in the Old Testament, this idea was even more reinforced. The strongest proofs of division between God and people are found in the stories about Gods choice of Abraham to form a chosen nation, Gods exclusive defense of his special people in Egypt, Gods support of Israels holy war against the inhabitants of Palestine, and Gods ultimate revenge on Israels enemies at the end of all time. The separation idea is based mostly on division of all the people by God into two groups – â€Å"insiders† (chosen or special) and â€Å"outsiders† (not chosen). In Gen. 4 God likes Abel more than Cain and this is because Abel brought God â€Å"fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock† (Gen. 4:4) as an offering while Cain brought him some fruits. It follows that God likes fat that is the flesh of an animal. But to get this fat somebody must kill an animal. It means that God needs death and pain (sacrifice). When God showed preference to Abel’s offering, he treated Cain unfairly. This situation created a feeling of jealousy and separation which in its turn served as an incentive for Cain to kill his brother. It looks like God is guilty for everything that happened because he showed a special love. In Gen. 12 God makes a great choice – he chooses Abraham in order to create a chosen nation through him. First God makes Abraham leave his country and people (God separates him from others), then God blesses him and all his descendants, â€Å"I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you†¦ and all peoples on earth will be blesses through you† (Gen. 12:2-3). Again God shows preference to one person and one nation over others. God doesn’t explain why he likes one people and hates others. It is a sign of his capriciousness and ego. It is very similar to that how people now choose friends to support their ego. God promises Abraham to make his name famous (Gen. 12:2) but the whole sense lies in such words, â€Å"I’ll make your name famous, because you’re going to be my guy. You’ll go to other places and tell about me†. This is exactly how God supports his ego. In Gen. 12:7 God promises that he will give the land of Canaan t o Abraham’s descendants (so that Israel could feel superiority to Canaanites). When Abraham comes to Egypt (Gen 12:14), he says that his wife Sarah is just his sister. Pharaoh takes her in his palace as a wife and Abraham acquires a lot of stuff (Gen 12:16). But God punishes Pharaoh and his household because of Sarah (Gen. 12-17). If to think logically, Pharaoh is not guilty at all. It is only Abraham who is really guilty for this because he himself said that Sarah was just his sister. It follows that God anyway cares about chosen people only, since he punished Pharaoh instead of Abraham. In Gen. 15:18 God makes a covenant with Abraham and promises that his nation will be superior to others, â€Å"To your descendants I give this land, from the Wadi of Egypt to the great river Euphrates – the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Chapter 17 is a priestly account of God’s covenant with Abraham. Here there is one more proof that God chooses favorites to satisfy his ego, â€Å"The whole land of Canaan, where you now reside as a foreigner, I’ll give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD† (Gen. 17:8). God also establishes a sign of covenant – every man must be circumcised (Gen 17:9-14). Again it proves that God needs pain of sacrifice. Everything involved in pleasure must feel pain. God expects Abraham to do what is right and just (Gen 18:19). It follows that God knows exactly what it means to be just and righteous. So, there is a paradox – justice stands for equal treatment or fairness, but God doesn’t treat all people equally; instead of this he chooses favorites. Chapter 22 illustrates how Abraham is tested by God. At that moment Abraham has two sons – Ishmael (son of Hagar, Egyptian servant) and Isaac (son of Sarah). God promised that the chosen nation will come from Sarah that is from Isaac (Gen 17:16). It means that Isaac is â€Å"inside† a special group while Ishmael is â€Å"outside† (God again makes an exclusive choice and separates people). So, God decides to test Abraham and commands him to sacrifice his son Isaac (Gen 22:2). When Abraham is already about to slaughter Isaac, God stops him (Gen 22:12). God just wanted to see if Abraham FEARS him, â€Å"Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son† (fear creates separation). God doesn’t let Abraham kill his own son, but Abraham sees a ram that was stuck in the bush by its horns (Gen 22:13), so he takes it and sacrifices instead of his son. It follows that something must die anyway because God needs pain. God tested Abrah am because the death of son must have caused guilt, and guilt entails the fear before God. God wanted to see this. It looks like God doesn’t want people to be happy. He just wants to satisfy his ego. As soon as they feel happy, a fear to lose it appears. People think that God is angry at them and they try to smooth his anger by their own pain. That’s why there is an idea that to satisfy God one must take a thing he or she loves the most and destroy it (the same idea is seen in Ex.13:12 – â€Å"every firstborn belongs to God†). Chapter 25 tells about a birth of Isaac’s sons – Esau and Jacob. Esau has a birthright because he is elder son. It means that he is blessed and is â€Å"inside† of a special group, while Jacob believes that he is â€Å"outside†. Jacob wants to obtain blessing in order to get to â€Å"insiders†, that’s why he makes a trick on his brother Esau so that Esau sells Jacob his birthright (Gen 25:29-34). Blessing is based on the fear of being â€Å"outside†. Then Jacob deceives his father in order to take blessing (Gen 27:14-29). Jacob cares neither about respect to God, nor about faith (Gen 27:20). The only thing he cares about is blessing. When Esau realizes that he is cheated and deprived of his blessing, he gets angry at Jacob and decides to kill him: â€Å"The days for mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob (Gen 27:41). It proves again that special love creates jealousy and attack which reinforces the separati on from God. Having being in fear to be killed by Esau, Jacob flees to Laban, his mother’s brother, and gets married to his daughters (Gen 29). Gen. 30:27 points out the idea that Laban thinks that he got blessing only because God blessed Jacob, so it looks like everyone in the story of Jacob wants blessing (to be â€Å"inside†). In Genesis 30:29-43 Jacob fools Laban and gets rich at the expense of Laban’s wealth. Then Jacob flees with all he had to the land of his father (Gen 31:21), but he fears to meet Esau, so, he sends messengers to his brother and instructs them to tell, â€Å"Your servant Jacob says†¦Now I am sending this message to my lord, that I may find favor in your eyes† (Gen. 32:4-5). It contradicts to what Isaac said to Esau in Gen. 27:40, â€Å"†¦you will serve to your brother†. Here Jacob calls himself servant. There is a direct correspondence between attack and fear of attack. Jacob cheated his brother and now expects to be punished. He is in constant fear. Jacob is weak because he is always trying to solve problems for himself (by cheating his brother, father, and brother-in-law). In Gen. 32:22-29 Jacob has a dream as if he was struggling with God (but it probably was the angel of death). In this dream Jacob also needs blessing (Gen. 32:26). In chapter 33 Esau meets Jacob and embraces him. He has already forgiven his younger brother but Jacob continues to fear Esau and waits for attack from him (Gen.33:12-17). This fear of attack creates separation. In Exodus 3 God again makes a choice. He chooses Moses to bring Israelites out of Egyptian slavery (Ex. 3:7-10). God doesn’t want to be as close to his chosen one as previously, he wants to be holy, â€Å"Don’t come any closer. Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground† (Ex. 3:5). There is the idea that God is too perfect to even be close to him. God has never done this to Abraham. Here the separation is even more reinforced. God points out that Israel is his â€Å"firstborn son† (chosen nation which got blessing) (Ex.4:22). He hurts Egyptians with 10 torments (plagues). Moreover, when God is sending plagues on Egypt, he by himself doesn’t let Pharaoh allow Israelites to go: â€Å"But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go† (Ex. 4:21). The same idea is found in Exodus 7:3; 9:12; 10:20; 10:27. In Exodus 6:6-8 God stresses that HE is the Lord of his chosen nation, that HE will bring them o ut of Egypt, and that HE will give them a promised land. Other references to this idea can be found in Ex. 7:17; 10:2. God really cares about his ego. In Ex. 8:22 God avowedly makes a distinction between â€Å"his† people and Egyptians: â€Å"But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen, where my people live; no swarms of flies will be there† (the same distinction God makes in Ex. 9:4; 9:26; 10:1). In Ex. 9:13 God calls himself God of Hebrews only. It follows that God sent all the plagues on Egyptians just to show how powerful he is. He himself set up that situation with Pharaoh and plagues to make Israel fear (Ex. 9:30) and exalt him (Ex. 9:16), thus satisfying his ego. All this stands for the idea of separation model. Chapter 11 accounts for the last plague – killing firstborns by Yahweh. Again God divides between Egypt and Israel (Ex. 11:7) and hardens Pharaoh’s heart (Ex. 11:9-10). He commands Israelites to slaughter a lamb and sprinkle its blood on the doorframes of their houses to be protected from God passing by at night and killing firstborns (Ex.12:3-7, 12-13). It means that blood is what God needs to see in order not to kill. God calls this day Lord’s Passover and tells Israel people to commemorate this day (Ex.12:14). If to think more deeply about what Passover actually celebrates, one may conclude that this is the celebration of separation between God and all the mankind. It celebrates the fact that God makes a distinction (separation) between Israel and Egypt (God kills the Egyptian firstborns only but doesn’t touch Israelites), and it also celebrates the separation between God and his people. The second conclusion is based on the fact that God establishes Pa ssover rules and restrictions (laws of separation) that must be kept by Hebrews (Ex. 12:15-20, 43-50). These rules and restrictions entail a due to follow them because in opposite case God might get angry. It follows that as soon as God set up these rules, fear to break them appeared, and fear gives rise to separation. Chapter 13 points out that Hebrews must consecrate all the human and animal firstborn males to God (Ex. 13:2, 12), but it also says that it is possible to sacrifice a lamb instead of other firstborn animal or son. It means that substitution is acceptable but something must die anyway. God needs death. God also wants people to always remember how he brought them out of Egypt (it is the voice of ego) (Ex. 12:14-16). In chapter 14 also there are evidences about complete separation between God and all the people. God wants to gain more glory and hardens Pharaoh’s heart so that Egyptians start pursuing Hebrews (ex. 14:3-9, 17). God saves Israelites and sinks a whole Egyptian army in Red Sea (Ex. 14:21-27). Israelites saw what God did and feared him (Ex. 14:31). God destroyed one nation to save another one (separation between nations) and wanted â€Å"his own† nation to fear and exalt him (the voice of ego – separation with his chosen people). In Ex. 19:4 God again reminds Israel about what he did to them in Egypt. God decides to speak to people by himself. He did it previously in Genesis, but it was completely different: he was walking along the people who were not afraid of God’s presence. Here in Exodus, people must be completely clean just to hear the voice of God (Ex. 19:9-10), and they must not even approach the mountain Sinai that God is going to speak from because even if they only touch it, they should die: â€Å"Whoever touches the mountain is to be put to death† (Ex. 19:12). It looks like God gets a little scare of a big nearly uncontrollable crowd. In Ex. 19:20-24 God points out once more that everyone around the mountain, including priests, must be perfectly clean and must not try to see God’ face. This is how God separates himself from his chosen people. In chapter 20 God gives people the Ten Commandments. First God again reminds Israelites that HE brought them out of Egypt (Ex. 20-2). Tw o first commandments are about the exclusive worship to God, â€Å"You shall have no other gods before me (Ex. 20:3). You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything†¦for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ex. 20:4-5). Jealousy is all about exclusive contact. God takes exclusive worship of people, and this is the projection of ego which always gets one to take something of somebody. If the ego is present, there cannot be any unity with God. The idea of Ex. 20:20 is that God came to people to put them into fear and to make them follow the commandments including the exclusive worship. In chapter 32 Israelites created a golden idol in the image of calf, because they saw that â€Å"Moses was so long in coming down from the mountain† (Ex. 32:1). Then God says to Moses: â€Å"Go down, because YOUR people, whom YOU brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt.† (Ex. 32:7). God always emphasizes that it is he and only he who brought Israel out of Egyptian slavery. It was until Israel had been showing fear before God. As soon as they turned away from God, God turned away from them because this stopped bringing him glory and the exclusive worship went away (it is the projection of ego). Moses comes down of the mountain and finds that only Levites are for God (Ex. 32:26). Then Moses commands them to kill other people in the camp (Ex. 32: 27-28). Levites get blessing in the exchange for death of people who dared to worship somebody else but God (Ex. 32-29). The idea is that everyone who sins against God deserves to death. Here God steps over death of his chose n people just to satisfy his ego. The book of Leviticus is the account of practical separation model in daily life. Leviticus 16 is all about a process of how Israelites must cleanse themselves. The reason why they should do this is that God is perfectly holy, that’s why everyone must be â€Å"holy† as well: â€Å"I’m the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt TO BE YOUR GOD (ego voice); therefore be holy, because I am holy† (Lev. 11:45) . Exactly the same idea can be found in Lev. 19:2. In Lev. 15:31 there is more clear idea why people must be clean: â€Å"You must keep the Israelites separate from things that make them unclean, so they will not die in their uncleanness for defiling my dwelling place, which is among them†. God’s dwelling place (or Tabernacle) is also called the Most Holy Place because God is present there. So, no one unclean can get to the place of God’s presence because he or she will die for defiling the Most Holy Place of the Most Holy God. Strong s eparation between God and people is felt here. Lev. 16 thoroughly describes all the steps of purification. First it tells that only priest has a right to enter the Most Holy Place. It looks like other people are unworthy of being close to God. A process of purification is based on the sacrifice of animals, â€Å"He [Aaron] must first bring a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering† (Lev. 16:3) and using their blood, â€Å"He shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people and take its blood behind the curtain and do with it as he did with the bull’s blood: He shall sprinkle it on the atonement cover and in front of it† (Lev. 16:15). In other words, one necessarily must kill something to cleanse oneself. This stands for the idea that God needs to see blood in order not to kill (it is a reference to Passover), namely God needs death (when people think this way, they are separated from God, because real God cannot be that way) . Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 4, 5 contain the reasons or incentives for following the law established by God. In Lev. 26 the first incentive for following the law is blessing. It is said that if people keep what God commanded them, they will get a lot of stuff and God will be favorably inclined toward them (Lev. 26:4-13). The second reason for keeping the law is just to stay alive, because God will punish people severely, if they disobey him (Lev 26:14-45). The conclusion is that God keeps people in the state of fear: obey or die! Fear reinforces separation. In Deut. 4: 5-8 God says, â€Å"Observe them [laws] carefully, for this will show your wisdom and understanding to the nations, who will hear about all these decrees and say, â€Å"Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.† What other nation is so great as to have their gods near them the way the Lord our God is near us whenever we pray to him?..† It follows that Israelites must follow the law to show how special they are. In other words they must feel special because no other country has such a god as Yahweh. Making such a distinction, God separates himself from other nations. In Deut. 4:15-39 and Deut. 6 God separates himself from the people of Israel. God points out that he needs an exclusive worship (for ex. Deut 4:23, 35 and Deut 6:14-15). To love God here means to fear him (Deut. 6:2, 13, 24), so the incentive to do what God says can be only a desire to stay alive (Deut 6:24). The book of Leviticus conveys the ideas how people should keep themselves clean, and the book of Deuteronomy stresses the importance to keep a whole community of Israel clean of corrupt elements. This cleanness is also referred to the fact that God is perfect (holy) and that’s why everyone must also be perfect (it is the reflection of separation idea). People who break the law of God must be taken out from among righteous Israelites. Purging of evil people is the equivalent to the destruction of these people, so Israel will get afraid of doing detestable things and a whole society can be clean. The references to fact of purging evil are found in Deut. 13:1-5, 6-11; 17:2-7, 8-13; 21:18-21; 22:13-21, 22, 23. Also it is said in Deut. 4:3, â€Å"The Lord your God destroyed from among you everyone who followed the Baal of Peor, but all of you who held fast to the Lord your God are still alive today.† It means that God purged disobedient people from the Israelites. The idea o f purging evil makes people live with their neighbors in a constant state of fear looking for somebody else’s guilt. It also reinforces separation between people and God. In Deut. 7, 13; Joshua 6, 7; and 1 Sam. 15 one can observe how God makes Israel totally destroy the entire nations (â€Å"holy war†). The reason for this is the same idea of cleaning but only outside of Israel (it’s additionally to internal cleaning within the people of Israel). According to such a reasoning, other nations except Israel are unclean and everything that belongs to them is unclean as well (God separates himself from the rest of mankind). Outsiders must be destroyed in order not to contaminate â€Å"chosen people.† Deut. 7:3-6 tells that Israel must show no pity to condemned nations (also in Deut. 13:15, Joshua 6:21, and 1 Sam 15:3) and how exactly they must treat other nations not to get contaminated from them. There is the idea here that everything which is devoted to destruction must not be taken by Israelites because it is detestable and will make them dirty so that they will become subject to destruction as well as their enemies (Deut 7:25-26; J oshua 6:18-19). There is the similar idea of total destruction (Herem), but of Israel towns, is found in Deut. 13:12-18. It means that even if people of any Israel town become corrupt, they are to be destroyed and nothing which belongs to them must be taken. In Joshua 7 Achan, one of the Israelites takes some stuff that belonged to people of Jericho, thus, making Israelites contaminated and liable to destruction (Joshua 7:12). Here God cares about cleanness of his nation (it is again the separation idea) and he will destroy everyone who may contaminate his people (Joshua 7:25). In 1 Sam there is the same situation with Saul who also takes what he must not take, and God rejects him as a king for his disobedience (1 Sam. 15:22). According to OT’s authors, the main purpose of Day of the Lord is REVENGE. This idea comes from the fact that Northern and Southern kingdoms of Israel were destroyed in 722 and 586 BCE respectively by Babylon, and the only thing Israel wanted was to take revenge. When people cannot avenge by themselves, they pray God (Ps. 137). That’s why the main theme of the day of the Lord is that how God avenges his nation. God will come to destroy, â€Å"For the day of the Lord is near; it will come like destruction from the Almighty† (Joel 1:15). But if the nation of Israel returns to God, it will be blessed (Joel 2:18-27; 3:17-21) while other nations will be judged (Joel 3). God will bless and destroy to show that he is God of Israel only (Joel: 2-27; 3:16-17). Even in the day of the Lord, God makes a division between Israel and other nations. The book of Nahum is about that how God will destroy Nineveh, a capital of Assyria, and again God just avenges his chosen nation, à ¢â‚¬Å"Celebrate your festivals, Judah, and fulfill your vows. No more will the wicked invade you; they will be completely destroyed† (Nahum 1:15). In the book of Zephaniah the day of the Lord is presented as DIES IRAE (the day of God’s wrath), â€Å"I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth†¦ (Zephaniah 1:2) I will stretch out my hand against Judah and against all who live in Jerusalem† (Zephaniah 1:4). It follows that God will also destroy Israelites who disobeyed him. He will sweep away all the enemies of Israel (Zephaniah 2:4-15) but will leave some righteous Israelites alive and restore a nation through them (Zephaniah 3:9-20), so God continues to show an exclusive love. In Isaiah 66:15-19 God will be killing so that others could see his glory (ego projection – separation) and in 14 God will become king over the earth (king rules through fear and is separated from people physically and spiritually). The separation model brought a lot of violence in our world. The most vivid example would be World War II during which perished millions of people just because Germany proclaimed itself a chosen nation and decided to invade the whole earth. There is the well-known fact that Germans had been trying to exterminate all Hebrews from every territory they occupied. It was a destruction of one â€Å"chosen nation† by other. This is one of the most dreadful results of separation model which stresses the idea of exclusiveness. The Christian church stands on the ideas which come from the OT. It especially points out the ideas which are the components of separation model. According to church, people must fear God, they must humiliate themselves before God (for ex. a woman must tie a kerchief round her head and must not smile when she is inside a church), they must keep themselves from sexual relations before marriage, etc. Establishing these meaningless laws, a church only puts pressure on society which leads to the fact that nowadays society turns away from real God more and more. Psychologically people don’t want to accept â€Å"God from the OT†, but also they are not trying to find real God. The spiritual result is that they don’t have God inside at all. It means that it is not a mind of God that will accompany people through their life, but a voice of ego. Ego leads to appearance of enemies and feverish fear for one’s body. This in its turn causes violence within and out of so ciety. 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